On Enhanced PPP with Single Difference Between-Satellite Ionospheric Constraints

Geographic distribution of the selected 130 stations in red circles; test station CIT1 is represented using a blue triangle.

STDs of the SDBS-ION method for each station against the distance to station CIT1 and the geographic distribution of the STDs for single differences between satellites

Time series of ionospheric observables and the corresponding formal precision estimated in the basic UPPP model; each color represents each satellite.

Time series of position errors at horizontal, vertical, and 3D accuracy of CIT1 on March 16, 2015, based on the basic UPPP model; sessions were processed every hour.

Time series of ionospheric observables and the corresponding formal precision estimated in the direct-but-biased ionospheric constrained UPPP model. In the right panel, the yellow cross line on the right axis represents the corresponding elevation to the satellite in the upper blue line.

Receiver DCBs and the corresponding formal precision estimated in the direct-but-biased ionospheric constrained UPPP model; each color represents each satellite.

Time series of position errors at horizontal, vertical, and 3D accuracy of CIT1. The red represents the basic UPPP model. The blue is from the constrained UPPP model with the direct-but-biased ionospheric observables.

Time series of ionospheric observables and the corresponding formal precision estimated in the SDBS-ION constrained UPPP model

Time series of position errors at horizontal, vertical, and 3D accuracy of CIT1; the red is from the directly constrained UPPP model, and the blue is from the SDBS-ION constrained UPPP model.

2D and 3D position errors for CIT1 using the direct ionospheric constraints and SDBS-ION constraints at different distances

Convergence time to 0.1 m horizontally and 0.2 m at vertical for CIT1 using the direct ionospheric constraints and the SDBS-ION constraints at different distances

Geographic distribution of a three-station network

Time series of position error at horizontal, vertical, and 3D accuracy of CIT1 using ionospheric constraints from a single station P589 and a three-station network