Gain Pattern Reconstruction of GPS Satellite Antennas Using a Global Receiver Network

S-pattern coverage in the satellite body-fixed frame using 10 and 50 continuous days of data for the Galileo FM15 (left) and GPS SVN46 (right) satellites, respectively

Stations from the IGS network used in this study; blue and green markers depict stations of the base and complementary sets, respectively.

Block diagram of the proposed methodology for s-pattern reconstruction using a multi-station approach including a dedicated strategy for r-pattern reconstruction

Zenith-only profiles (median values in azimuth coordinate bins) of reconstructed r-patterns of Leica AR25 antennas of selected stations of the IGS network (see Table 1)

Estimated s-patterns of satellites SVN43 (top-left), SVN48 (top-right), SVN63 (bottom-left), and SVN74 (bottom-right)

Reconstructed s-patterns of satellites SVN43 (top-left), SVN48 (top-right), SVN63 (bottom-left), and SVN74 (bottom-right)

Comparison of mean nadir-only pattern profiles of reconstructed s-patterns (green curves) and mean observation values of normalized s-patterns (black dots) published by Lockheed Martin for satellites SVN43 (left) and SVN48 (right)

Comparison of sampled reconstructed s-pattern values and s-pattern observations published by Lockheed Martin for satellites SVN43 (top) and SVN48 (bottom); for each case, the 95th percentiles of absolute gain differences for each nadir bin of observations are also depicted

Comparison of reconstructed s-pattern cuts with observations from the high-gain antenna in Weilheim and available reference values from Lockheed Martin for satellites SVN43 (top-left), SVN48 (top-right), SVN63 (bottom-left), and SVN74 (bottom-right)