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Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Enabling RTK Positioning Under Jamming: Mitigation of Carrier-Phase Distortions Induced by Blind Spatial Filtering

Tobias Bamberg, Andriy Konovaltsev, and Michael Meurer
NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation March 2023, 70 (1) navi.556; DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.556
Tobias Bamberg
1Institute of Communications and Navigation, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
2Department of Navigation, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Andriy Konovaltsev,
1Institute of Communications and Navigation, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
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Michael Meurer
1Institute of Communications and Navigation, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
2Department of Navigation, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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  • FIGURE 1
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    FIGURE 1

    Measurement setup: The beige antenna array (DLR UNITAS) is used to receive the satellite signals, and the blue triangular-formed antenna is used to radiate the jamming signal.

  • FIGURE 2
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    FIGURE 2

    Signal tracking structure of multi-antenna receiver with N antenna channels and M satellite channels; the proposed compensation unit is marked in red.

  • FIGURE 3
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    FIGURE 3

    Movement of the blue jamming antenna around the UNITAS antenna array in Scenario 2.

  • FIGURE 4
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    FIGURE 4

    JSR and power of eigenvalues of the pre-correlation covariance matrix over time; both parameters are estimated by the receiver. Subfigure (a) shows Scenario 1’s JSR, (b) shows Scenario 2’s JSR, (c) shows Scenario 1’s eigenvalues, and (d) shows Scenario 2’s eigenvalues.

  • FIGURE 5
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    FIGURE 5

    Scenario 1’s time evolution of double-differenced carrier-phase residuals per satellite: (a) shows Single Antenna Mode, (b) shows the Without Phase Compensation Mode, and (c) shows the With Phase Compensation Mode; (e) shows the overall RMS residual values per GNSS along with (d) the skyplot.

  • FIGURE 6
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    FIGURE 6

    Scenario 1: Position deviation over time

  • FIGURE 7
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    FIGURE 7

    Scenario 2’s time evolution of double-differenced carrier-phase residuals per satellite: (a) shows Single Antenna Mode, (b) shows the Without Phase Compensation Mode, and (c) shows the With Phase Compensation Mode; (e) shows the overall RMS residual values per GNSS along with (d) its skyplot.

  • FIGURE 8
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    FIGURE 8

    Scenario 2’s position deviation over time

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    TABLE 1

    General Settings

    (a) Rover
    Evaluated GNSSGPS & GAL
    Data rate1 Hz
    Used elevation mask15°
    Antenna arrayin-house UNITAS
    2×2 URA
    Position (approx)
       Latitude50°46’44” N
       Longitude6°03’56” E
       Elevation273 m
    Distance to base station2 km
    (b) Base Station
    OperatorSAPOS®
    Station name (ID)Aachen (2591)
    Receiver typeSEPT POLARX5
    Firmware version5.4.0
    Data rate1 Hz
    AntennaLEIAR25.R4
    Position (approx)
       Latitude50°46”05’N
       Longitude6°05”18’E
       Elevation263 m
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    TABLE 2

    Jamming Events

    IDStart time (UTC)Duration [s]Jammer gain [dB]JSRa [dB]
    Scenario 1
    113:01:285220-
    213:02:203026-
    313:02:503032-
    413:03:203038-
    513:03:503244-
    613:04:22285019.6
    713:04:50295624.8
    813:05:19316231.2
    913:05:50306837.2
    1013:06:20307442.9
    1113:06:50298048.5
    1213:07:19328653.9
    Scenario 2
    1313:38:162286218 to 48 b
    • ↵a Measured at the receiver

    • ↵b Varies due to movement of antenna

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NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation: 70 (1)
NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation
Vol. 70, Issue 1
Spring 2023
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Enabling RTK Positioning Under Jamming: Mitigation of Carrier-Phase Distortions Induced by Blind Spatial Filtering
Tobias Bamberg, Andriy Konovaltsev,, Michael Meurer
NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation Mar 2023, 70 (1) navi.556; DOI: 10.33012/navi.556

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Enabling RTK Positioning Under Jamming: Mitigation of Carrier-Phase Distortions Induced by Blind Spatial Filtering
Tobias Bamberg, Andriy Konovaltsev,, Michael Meurer
NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation Mar 2023, 70 (1) navi.556; DOI: 10.33012/navi.556
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • 1 INTRODUCTION
    • 2 NOTATION
    • 3 SYSTEM MODEL AND SPATIAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
    • 4 PHASE ERROR AND PHASE COMPENSATION MECHANISMS
    • 5 PROCESSING SIGNALS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PROPOSED ALGORITHM
    • 6 SCENARIOS AND EVALUATION STEPS
    • 7 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
    • 8 CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK
    • HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    • APPENDIX EXTRACT FROM RTKPOST.INI
    • REFERENCES
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Show more Original Article

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Keywords

  • antenna array
  • beamforming
  • carrier phase bias
  • CRPA
  • interference mitigation
  • RTK positioning
  • spatial filtering

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