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NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation

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Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Accurate Covariance Estimation for Pose Data From Iterative Closest Point Algorithm

Rick H. Yuan, Clark N. Taylor, and Scott L. Nykl
NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation June 2023, 70 (2) navi.562; DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.562
Rick H. Yuan
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Ohio, USA
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Clark N. Taylor,
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Ohio, USA
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  • For correspondence: [email protected] [email protected]
Scott L. Nykl
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Ohio, USA
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  • FIGURE 1
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    FIGURE 1

    Stereo vision pipeline for automated aerial refueling (AAR)

  • ALGORITHM 1
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    ALGORITHM 1

    Kalman Filter-Based ICP Covariance Estimation

  • FIGURE 2
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    FIGURE 2

    An example n vector from the point-to-point method

  • FIGURE 3
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    FIGURE 3

    An example point-to-point scenario that generates a normal vector with significant error

  • FIGURE 4
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    FIGURE 4

    A simplified illustration of the point-to-plane approach for computing n

  • FIGURE 5
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    FIGURE 5

    Point-to-plane when the sensed point is beyond the end of the reference points

  • FIGURE 6
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    FIGURE 6

    Results of Jacobian Method on a 1×2×3 box

  • FIGURE 7
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    FIGURE 7

    Results of point-to-point method on a 1×2×3 box

  • FIGURE 8
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    FIGURE 8

    Results of point-to-plane method on a 1×2×3 box

  • FIGURE 9
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    FIGURE 9

    RMSLE plot on a 1×2×3 box

  • FIGURE 10
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    FIGURE 10

    The ICP algorithm performed on simulated receiver aircraft

  • FIGURE 11
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    FIGURE 11

    RMSLE across various distances and lighting conditions in full AAR simulation

  • FIGURE 12
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    FIGURE 12

    Translational comparison for Prakhya vs our method on a 1×2×3 box

  • FIGURE 13
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    FIGURE 13

    Rotational comparison for Prakhya vs our method on a 1×2×3 box

  • FIGURE 14
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    FIGURE 14

    Speed comparison for Prakhya vs our method on a 1×2×3 box

  • FIGURE 15
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    FIGURE 15

    Original image vs degraded image

  • FIGURE 16
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    FIGURE 16

    Comparative results when sensor has degraded

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NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation: 70 (2)
NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation
Vol. 70, Issue 2
Summer 2023
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Accurate Covariance Estimation for Pose Data From Iterative Closest Point Algorithm
Rick H. Yuan, Clark N. Taylor,, Scott L. Nykl
NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation Jun 2023, 70 (2) navi.562; DOI: 10.33012/navi.562

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Accurate Covariance Estimation for Pose Data From Iterative Closest Point Algorithm
Rick H. Yuan, Clark N. Taylor,, Scott L. Nykl
NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation Jun 2023, 70 (2) navi.562; DOI: 10.33012/navi.562
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Keywords

  • covariance estimation
  • ICP
  • iterative closest point
  • uncertainty estimation

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