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Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Multi-Parameter Adaptive Notch Filter (MPANF) for Enhanced Interference Mitigation

Johannes Rossouw van der Merwe, Iñigo Cortés, Fabio Garzia, Alexander Rügamer, and Wolfgang Felber
NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation June 2023, 70 (2) navi.570; DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.570
Johannes Rossouw van der Merwe
Satellite Based Positioning Systems, Department, Fraunhofer IIS, Germany
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Iñigo Cortés
Satellite Based Positioning Systems, Department, Fraunhofer IIS, Germany
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Fabio Garzia
Satellite Based Positioning Systems, Department, Fraunhofer IIS, Germany
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Alexander Rügamer,
Satellite Based Positioning Systems, Department, Fraunhofer IIS, Germany
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Wolfgang Felber
Satellite Based Positioning Systems, Department, Fraunhofer IIS, Germany
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  • FIGURE 1
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    FIGURE 1

    Architecture of the AFLL-ANF, with its three main parts: notch filter, FLL, the LBCA, and their interfaces

  • FIGURE 2
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    FIGURE 2

    Architecture of the MPANF with its subcomponents and interfaces: The interfaces are indexed according to the filter stage (i.e., primary, secondary, or tertiary notch filter).

  • FIGURE 3
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    FIGURE 3

    Flow diagram of the ANF with the notch filter and the FLL

  • FIGURE 4
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    FIGURE 4

    Magnitude of the transfer function for different kα values with a = 1

  • FIGURE 5
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    FIGURE 5

    Phase of the transfer function for different kα values with a = 1

  • FIGURE 6
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    FIGURE 6

    Magnitude of the transfer function for different a values with kα = 0.8

  • FIGURE 7
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    FIGURE 7

    Phase of the transfer function for different a values with kα = 0.8

  • FIGURE 8
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    FIGURE 8

    Architecture of the LBCA, including the preprocessing and postprocessing stages

  • FIGURE 9
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    FIGURE 9

    Normalized weighting function of the LBCA for the MPANF

  • FIGURE 10
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    FIGURE 10

    Power delta to notch filter gain mapping

  • FIGURE 11
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    FIGURE 11

    Adaptive gain flow diagram

  • FIGURE 12
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    FIGURE 12

    Cutoff frequency for a specified pole-contraction factor estimation error for a 20-MHz sampled notch filter

  • FIGURE 13
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    FIGURE 13

    Pole-contraction factor estimation for a 20-MHz sampled notch filter

  • FIGURE 14
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    FIGURE 14

    Pole-contraction factor estimation error for a 20-MHz sampled notch filter

  • FIGURE 15
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    FIGURE 15

    Zero-pole plot on the complex plane for different pole-contraction factor changes from k0 to k1 with a = 1

  • FIGURE 16
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    FIGURE 16

    Magnitude of the transfer function for different pole-contraction factor changes from k0 to k1 with a = 1

  • FIGURE 17
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    FIGURE 17

    Phase of the transfer function for different pole-contraction factor changes from k0 to k1 with a = 1

  • FIGURE 18
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    FIGURE 18

    Spectrogram of a continuous chirp with 12-MHz bandwidth and 20-us repetition rate

  • FIGURE 19
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    FIGURE 19

    Frequency estimate of the primary and secondary FLLs compared with the instantaneous frequency for a continuous chirp

  • FIGURE 20
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    FIGURE 20

    Loop bandwidth estimate for the primary and secondary LBCA with a continuous chirp

  • FIGURE 21
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    FIGURE 21

    Amplitude and pole-contraction factor estimated with a continuous chirp

  • FIGURE 22
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    FIGURE 22

    Spectrogram of a pulsed chirp with a 15-MHz bandwidth and 20-us repetition rate

  • FIGURE 23
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    FIGURE 23

    Frequency estimate of the primary and secondary FLLs compared with the actual instantaneous frequency for a pulsed chirp of Figure 22

  • FIGURE 24
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    FIGURE 24

    Loop bandwidth estimate for the primary and secondary LBCA with a pulsed chirp

  • FIGURE 25
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    FIGURE 25

    Amplitude and pole-contraction factor estimated with a continuous chirp

  • FIGURE 26
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    FIGURE 26

    Flow diagram of the test setup

  • FIGURE 27
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    FIGURE 27

    Alpha mean αmean for a 50-us continuous chirp without pulse blanker

  • FIGURE 28
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    FIGURE 28

    Alpha mean αmean for a 50-us continuous chirp with pulse blanker

  • FIGURE 29
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    FIGURE 29

    Alpha mean αmean for a 1-ms continuous chirp with pulse blanker

  • FIGURE 30
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    FIGURE 30

    Alpha mean αmean for a 50-us-pulsed chirp with pulse blanker

  • FIGURE 31
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    FIGURE 31

    Alpha mean αmean for 1-ms-pulsed chirp with pulse blanker

  • FIGURE 32
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    FIGURE 32

    Delta alpha mean, Δαmean, for continuous chirps with pulse blanker for the MPANF

  • FIGURE 33
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    FIGURE 33

    Delta alpha mean, Δαmean, for pulsed chirps with pulse blanker for the MPANF

  • FIGURE E1
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    FIGURE E1

    10-us continuous chirp without pulse blanker

  • FIGURE E2
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    FIGURE E2

    10-us continuous chirp with pulse blanker

  • FIGURE E3
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    FIGURE E3

    10-us-pulsed chirp with pulse blanker

  • FIGURE E4
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    FIGURE E4

    20-us continuous chirp without pulse blanker

  • FIGURE E5
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    FIGURE E5

    20-us continuous chirp with pulse blanker

  • FIGURE E6
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    FIGURE E6

    20-us-pulsed chirp with pulse blanker

Tables

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    TABLE 1

    Performance Summary and Comparison With Continuous Chirps With Pulse Blanker

    Rep.
    T [us]
    MPANF
    μ [dB]
    AFLL
    μ [dB]
    median
    μ [dB]
    Best
    μ [dB]
    Bopt
    [kHz]
    10+1.5+0.9−5.1−0.32000
    20−0.3−1.4−0.8−0.01500
    50+1.1+0.8−0.4−0.0800
    100+0.8+0.6−0.5−0.0500
    200+0.8+0.4−0.7−0.0500
    1000−0.5−0.0−0.8−0.0100
    Av.+0.73+0.22−1.38−0.05—
    • View popup
    TABLE 2

    Performance Summary and Comparison With Pulsed Chirps With Pulse Blanker

    Rep.
    T [us]
    MPANF
    μ [dB]
    AFLL
    μ [dB]
    median
    μ [dB]
    Best
    μ [dB]
    Bopt
    [kHz]
    10+0.7−0.4−1.3−0.42000
    20−0.1−0.3−0.6−0.11000
    50+0.4−0.8−0.8−0.1500
    100+0.3−1.6−0.9−0.0500
    200+0.4−1.5−1.1−0.0500
    1000+0.2−1.6−0.9−0.0100
    Av.+0.32−1.03−0.93−0.1—

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NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation: 70 (2)
NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation
Vol. 70, Issue 2
Summer 2023
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Multi-Parameter Adaptive Notch Filter (MPANF) for Enhanced Interference Mitigation
Johannes Rossouw van der Merwe, Iñigo Cortés, Fabio Garzia, Alexander Rügamer,, Wolfgang Felber
NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation Jun 2023, 70 (2) navi.570; DOI: 10.33012/navi.570

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Multi-Parameter Adaptive Notch Filter (MPANF) for Enhanced Interference Mitigation
Johannes Rossouw van der Merwe, Iñigo Cortés, Fabio Garzia, Alexander Rügamer,, Wolfgang Felber
NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation Jun 2023, 70 (2) navi.570; DOI: 10.33012/navi.570
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • 1 INTRODUCTION
    • 2 ADAPTIVE NOTCH FILTERS
    • 3 LOOP BANDWIDTH CONTROL ALGORITHM
    • 4 NOTCH FILTER DEPTH ADAPTATION
    • 5 NOTCH FILTER WIDTH ADAPTATION
    • 6 CASE STUDIES
    • 7 MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION
    • 8 CONCLUSION
    • HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
    • AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
    • CONFLICT OF INTEREST
    • APPENDIX
    • REFERENCES
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Keywords

  • adaptive notch filter
  • ANF
  • FLL
  • FMCW
  • frequency-locked loop
  • frequency-modulated continuous wave
  • interference
  • LBCA
  • loop-bandwidth control algorithm
  • mitigation
  • MPANF
  • multi-parameter adaptive notch filter

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