Table of Contents

January 2, 2026; Volume 73

Original Articles
- - High-Integrity Modeling of Nonstationary Noise Processes for GNSS/INS Integration
    Elisa Gallon, Mathieu Joerger, and Boris Pervan
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation January 2026, 73 navi.729;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.729
  - FLP-Aided GNSS RTK Positioning: A Means of Supporting Smartphone High-Precision Positioning in Dynamic Urban Environments
    Ardeshir Mohamadi, Hossein Nahavandchi, and Amir Khodabandeh
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation March 2026, 73 navi.730;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.730
  - Enhancing GAST D Availability by Using an Ionospheric Field Monitor
    Susumu Saito, and Takayuki Yoshihara
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation January 2026, 73 navi.731;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.731
  - Residual Error Model to Bound Unmodeled Tropospheric Delays for Terrestrial Navigation Systems at Very Low Elevation Angles
    Shrivathsan Narayanan, Gary A. McGraw, Okuary Osechas, and Maarten Uijt de Haag
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation January 2026, 73 navi.732;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.732
  - Pulsars as Natural Oscillators for Long-Term Deep-Space Missions
    Vednarayan Iyer, and Thejesh N. Bandi
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation January 2026, 73 navi.733;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.733
  - Pseudorange and Doppler-Based Positioning: Enabling Convergence of Least-Squares Estimation from MEO to LEO
    Luca Morichi, Simone Zocca, Alex Minetto, Andrea Nardin, and Fabio Dovis
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation January 2026, 73 navi.734;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.734
  - Real-World Jammer and Spoofer Localization Using a Low-Cost Array-Based Software-Defined Radio
    Lasse Lehmann, Søren R. Larsen, Benjamin B. Elsholm, and Daniel H. Olesen
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation January 2026, 73 navi.735;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.735
  - A Proof for the Unbiased Nature of Range-Doppler Measurements in Coarse-Resolution Dechirp-on-Receive Feedback Synthetic Aperture Radar Navigation
    Tucker Haydon, and Todd E. Humphreys
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation January 2026, 73 navi.736;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.736
  - Assessment of Ionospheric TEC Estimation Uncertainty Using Single-Frequency Wideband Low-Elevation GNSS Signals
    Madeline C. Evans, Brian Breitsch, and Y. Jade Morton
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation January 2026, 73 navi.737;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.737
  - Characterization of the Multipath Situation Under Meaconing
    Mathieu Hussong, Emile Ghizzo, Carl Milner, Axel Garcia, and Julien Lesouple
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation January 2026, 73 navi.738;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.738
  - Real-Time Estimation of LEO Satellite Clocks Using a Combination of Low- and High-Frequency Clock Solutions
    Jiawei Liu, Jinqian Wang, Kan Wang, Wei Xie, Meifang Wu, Ahmed El-Mowafy, and Xuhai Yang
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation January 2026, 73 navi.739;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.739
  - Distortion-Aware Multilevel Coded Spreading Symbol Optimization for Future Navigation Signals
    Florian C. Beck, Christoph Enneking, Steffen Thölert, and Michael Meurer
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation January 2026, 73 navi.740;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.740
  - Enhancing Ranging Precision in OFDM-Based LEO Navigation: Signal Design and Receiver Implementation
    Yuxin He, and Bing Xu
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation January 2026, 73 navi.741;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.741
  - Spline-Based Factor-Graph Optimization with High-Grade Inertial Sensors
    Kyle Leland, Clark Taylor, David Woodburn, and Randal Beard
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation January 2026, 73 navi.742;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.742
  - Ionospheric Effects on VHF Signals Transmitted from a LEO Satellite
    Y. Jade Morton, Harrison Bourne, Steve Taylor, and Chun Yang
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation January 2026, 73 navi.743;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.743
  - Use of Ultra-Low-Bandwidth Tracking Loops for Improved Dual-Frequency RTK Positioning
    Mohamed Bochkati, Jürgen Dampf, and Thomas Pany
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation February 2026, 73 navi.744;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.744
  - State Estimation of a Moving Frequency Source From Observations at Multiple Receivers
    Michela Mancini, Tara Mina, Anton Leykin, and John A. Christian
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation March 2026, 73 navi.745;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.745
  - Long GPS Memory Code Design via the Cross-Entropy Method
    Tara Mina, Alan Yang, and Grace Gao
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation March 2026, 73 navi.746;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.746
  - Participatory Detection and Localization of a GNSS Jammer
    Glädje Karl Olsson, Sara Nilsson, Erik Axell, Erik G. Larsson, and Panos Papadimitratos
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation February 2026, 73 navi.747;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.747
  - Robust Android GNSS Positioning Using Single-Differenced Tightly Coupled GNSS/INS EKF
    Dong-Kyeong Lee, Demoz Gebre-Egziabher, and Dennis M. Akos
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation March 2026, 73 navi.748;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.748
  - Cauchy–Gaussian Overbound for Heavy-Tailed GNSS Measurement Errors
    Zhengdao Li, Penggao Yan, Weisong Wen, and Li-Ta Hsu
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation March 2026, 73 navi.749;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.749
  - Single-Satellite-Based Geolocation of Broadcast GNSS Spoofers from a Low Earth Orbit
    Zachary L. Clements, Patrick B. Ellis, Iain Goodridge, Matthew J. Murrian, Mark L. Psiaki, and Todd E. Humphreys
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation March 2026, 73 navi.750;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.750
  - Gyrocompassing: From Gravity Rotation Analysis to Inertial Trajectory Fitting
    Pierre Bénet, and Alexis Guinamard
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation January 2026, 73 navi.751;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.751
  - Scintillation Effects and Tracking of GNSS-Like Signals Transmitted from LEO Satellites and Propagated Through Ionospheric Plasma Irregularities
    Jiawei Xu, Y. Jade Morton, Dongyang Xu, Yu Jiao, and Joanna Hinks
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation March 2026, 73 navi.752;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.752
  - Conceptual Development of Differential Lunar Navigation Satellite System on the Moon Using a Swarm of Lunar Rovers
    Euiho Kim, Danim Jung, and Donguk Kim
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation March 2026, 73 navi.753;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.753
  - Real-Time Ionospheric Threat Adaptation to Increase CAT-I GBAS Availability in Equatorial Regions
    Maria Caamano, Jose Miguel Juan, Jaume Sanz, and Sam Pullen
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation March 2026, 73 navi.754;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.754
  - Scalable Bayesian Distributional Regression for GNSS Multipath Error Modeling with Uncertainty Quantification
    Hayden Dorahy, Chris Hide, Olivier Julien, Ilaria Martini, and Ian Sheret
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation March 2026, 73 navi.755;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.755
  - GNSS Reception at the Moon: First Results of the Lunar GNSS Receiver Experiment (LuGRE)
    Joel J. K. Parker, Fabio Dovis, Lauren Konitzer, Nathan Esantsi, Benjamin Ashman, Alex Minetto, Andrea Nardin, Oliviero Vouch, Simone Zocca, Fabio Bernardi, Matilde Boschiero, Samuele Fantinato, Efer Miotti, Claudia Facchinetti, Mario Musmeci, and Giancarlo Varacalli
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation March 2026, 73 navi.756;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.756
  - WAAS and the Ionosphere – A Historical Perspective: Mitigating Mesoscale Irregularities
    Lawrence Sparks, Eric Altshuler, Juan Blanch, Todd Walter, Emily McCord, and Rhiannon Griffin Sanchez
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation April 2026, 73 navi.757;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.757
  - WAAS and the Ionosphere – A Historical Perspective: Threat Model Evolution
    Lawrence Sparks, Eric Altshuler, Juan Blanch, Todd Walter, Emily McCord, and Rhiannon Griffin Sanchez
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation April 2026, 73 navi.758;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.758
  - Improving GNSS Positioning in Dense Urban Areas by Diffraction Feature Matching
    Hai Di, Ng Hoi-Fung, Zhang Guohao, and Hsu Li-Ta
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation March 2026, 73 navi.759;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.759
  - Modified Horizontal Protection Levels for ARAIM
    Danielle Racelis and Mathieu Joerger
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation March 2026, 73 navi.760;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.760
  - UAV-Based Demonstration of Alternative PNT at X-Band
    Penina Axelrad, Mikaela Dobbin, Dennis Akos, Jade Morton, Scott Palo, Logan Scott, Ryan Kingsbury, Brian Breitsch, Alex Kenyon, Harrison Bourne, Steve Taylor, Brodie Wallace, Angela Crews, and Khanh Pham
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation March 2026, 73 navi.761;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.761
  - Navigating the Storm: A Diagnostic Analysis of QZSS CLAS Performance and Vulnerabilities Through the Solar Cycle 25 Maximum
    Hayato Shiono and Nobuaki Kubo
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation April 2026, 73 navi.762;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.762
  - Network-Based GNSS Jamming Prediction Enabling Wideband Interference Observation
    Sandeep Jada, Mark Psiaki, and Mathieu Joerger
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation April 2026, 73 navi.763;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.763
  - Satellite Autonomous Clock Fault Monitoring with InterSatellite Ranges Using Euclidean Distance Matrices
    Iiyama Keidai, Neamati Daniel, and Gao Grace
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation May 2026, 73 navi.764;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.764
  - Analysis of Multi-GNSS Signal Visibility Throughout a Representative Ballistic Lunar Transfer Scenario
    Brian C. Peters, Ryan McKnight, and Sabrina Ugazio
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation April 2026, 73 navi.765;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.765
  - Simultaneous Estimation of Lunar Ephemeris and Satellite Orbits Using a DRO-Based LiAISON Method in Cislunar Space
    Shuanglin Li, Wenbin Wang, Jinghui Pu, Pengbin Guo, and Xuzhi Li
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation April 2026, 73 navi.766;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.766
  - Waypoint-Informed Localization (WiL): A Novel Integration of 2D Maps and Onboard Sensors for Robust GNSS-Denied Navigation
    Hany Ragab, Sidney Givigi, and Aboelmagd Noureldin
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation May 2026, 73 navi.767;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.767
  - Robust State Estimation in Atomic Inertial Navigation Systems: A Comparative Study of CI-RKF and MKMC-EKF Filters
    Farnaz Imani and Jafar Keighobadi
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation May 2026, 73 navi.768;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.768
  - Kalman Filter Innovation-Based Optimal Integrity Monitoring Against Unknown Bias in Time Updates
    Gihun Nam, Dongchan Min, Noah Minchan Kim, and Jiyun Lee
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation May 2026, 73 navi.769;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.769
  - Augmenting GNSS with LEO-PNT and 5G for Enhanced Positioning in Urban Environments
    Marianna Alghisi, Florin-Catalin Grec, Raul Orus Perez, and Ludovico Biagi
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation May 2026, 73 navi.770;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.770
  - Pitfalls of Constraint Kalman Filtering
    Yingjie Hu and Demoz Gebre-Egziabher
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation June 2026, 73 navi.771;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.771
  - Ionospheric Scintillation Effects on LEO-Transmitted Signals Across Multiple Frequency Bands
    Andrew K. Sun, Y. Jade Morton, Charles Rino, and Jiyun Lee
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation June 2026, 73 navi.772;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.772
  - Clock Error Impacts on X-Ray Pulsar Navigation Measurements
    Kyle J. Houser and Demoz Gebre-Egziabher
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation June 2026, 73 navi.773;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.773
  - Multidimensional GNSS Meta-Signals
    Daniele Borio
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation June 2026, 73 navi.774;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.774
  - Real-Time UAV Navigation Using Machine Learning, Satellite Images, and Continuously Operating High-Speed Cameras with Enhanced Image Matching and Robust Feature Tracking
    Ali Güven and İmam Şamil Yetik
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation June 2026, 73 navi.775;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.775
  - Optimized GNSS/INS Integration with Time Synchronization for High-Accuracy Smartphone Positioning
    Norizumi Motooka
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation June 2026, 73 navi.776;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.776
  - Hybrid GNSS Antenna Characterization for Improved Vehicle Localization
    Veenu Tripathi, Le Ren, Johannes Kröger, Jannes Wübbena, Steffen Schön, and Stefano Caizzone
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation June 2026, 73 navi.777;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.777
  - Ambiguity-Resolved Parameter Significance Test: Implementation and Performance for GNSS Model Validation
    Chengyu Yin, Peter J.G. Teunissen, and Christian C.J.M. Tiberius
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation July 2026, 73 navi.778;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.778
  - Adapted Robust GNSS RTK Positioning: Improving Accuracy and Integrity for Autonomous Vehicle Localization in Urban Trenches
    Fabian Ruwisch and Steffen Schön
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation July 2026, 73 navi.779;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.779
  - Evaluating the Suitability of Commercial Off-the-Shelf Software Radio Peripheral Front-Ends for High-Fidelity Satnav Monitoring Applications
    Mark J. Carroll, Sanjeev Gunawardena, Timothy I. Machin, Christine M. Schubert Kabban, and Joseph J. Rushanan
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation July 2026, 73 navi.780;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.780
  - Ionospheric Modeling by Using a Self-Organizing Map Under Disturbed Conditions
    Kazue Murai, Yuki Sato, Rui Hirokawa, and Shinichi Nakasuka
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation July 2026, 73 navi.781;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.781
  - Indoor Radio Positioning Using Pseudolites in the UHF Band – Signals and Ranging Precision Survey
    Jiří Svatoň, Jan Sýkora, Daniel Skopec, František Vejražka, Jan Roháč, Jan Spáčil, Milan Švanda, Martin Tomis, and Jan Škaloud
    NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation July 2026, 73 navi.783;
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.783

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