TY - JOUR T1 - First results from three years of GNSS interference monitoring from low Earth orbit JF - NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation JO - NAVIGATION SP - 673 LP - 685 DO - 10.1002/navi.449 VL - 68 IS - 4 AU - Matthew J. Murrian AU - Lakshay Narula AU - Peter A. Iannucci AU - Scott Budzien AU - Brady W. O’Hanlon AU - Mark L. Psiaki AU - Todd E. Humphreys Y1 - 2021/12/21 UR - https://navi.ion.org/content/68/4/673.abstract N2 - Observation of terrestrial GNSS interference (jamming and spoofing) from low Earth orbit (LEO) is a uniquely effective technique for characterizing the scope, strength, and structure of interference and for estimating transmitter locations. Such details are useful for situational awareness, interference deterrence, and the development of interference-hardened GNSS receivers. This paper presents the results of a three-year study of global interference, with emphasis on a particularly powerful interference source active in Syria since 2017. It then explores the implications of such interference for GNSS receiver operation and design. ER -