PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Bryan C. Chan
AU  - Ashish Goel
AU  - Jonathan Kosh
AU  - Tyler G. R. Reid
AU  - Corey R. Snyder
AU  - Paul M. Tarantino
AU  - Saraswati Soedarmadji
AU  - Widyadewi Soedarmadji
AU  - Kevin Nelson
AU  - Feiqin Xie,
AU  - Michael Vergalla
TI  - Commercial GNSS Radio Occultation on Aerial Platforms With Off-The-Shelf Receivers
AID  - 10.33012/navi.544
DP  - 2022 Dec 21
TA  - NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation
PG  - navi.544
VI  - 69
IP  - 4
4099  - https://navi.ion.org/content/69/4/navi.544.short
4100  - https://navi.ion.org/content/69/4/navi.544.full
SO  - NAVIGATION2022 Dec 21; 69
AB  - In recent decades, GNSS radio occultation (RO) soundings have proven to be an invaluable input to global weather forecasting. The success of government programs such as COSMIC is now complemented by commercial low-cost cubesats. The result is access to more than 10,000 soundings per day. We examine aerial platforms for commercial GNSS-RO, specifically high-altitude balloons and commercial aviation. Meteorological balloons (radiosondes) are deployed daily in over 900 locations globally. Adding GNSS-RO capability to radiosondes would expand capability and enable local area monitoring. Commercial aviation offers scale with more than 100,000 flights daily. A barrier to entry for the inclusion of GNSS-RO sensors is cost and complexity, as GNSS-RO traditionally requires highly specialized equipment. This paper describes a low-cost and scalable approach to aerial GNSS-RO based on commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) GNSS receivers. We present hardware prototypes and data processing techniques that demonstrate technical feasibility through the results from several flight testing campaigns.