TY - JOUR T1 - A Consistent Regional Vertical Ionospheric Model and Application in PPP-RTK Under Sparse Networks JF - NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation JO - NAVIGATION DO - 10.33012/navi.568 VL - 70 IS - 3 SP - navi.568 AU - Sijie Lyu AU - Yan Xiang AU - Tiantian Tang AU - Ling Pei AU - Wenxian Yu, AU - Trieu-Kien Truong Y1 - 2023/09/21 UR - https://navi.ion.org/content/70/3/navi.568.abstract N2 - Ionospheric augmentation is one of the most important dependences of PPP-RTK. Because of the dispersive features of the ionosphere, the ionospheric information is usually coupled with satellite- and receiver-related biases. This will pose a hidden trouble of inconsistent ionospheric corrections if different numbers of reference stations are involved in calculation. In this paper, we aimed at introducing a consistent regional vertical ionospheric model (RVIM) by estimating receiver biases. We first presented the inconsistent ionospheric corrections under sparse networks. Then the RVIM is compared with the International GNSS Service (IGS) final global ionospheric map (GIM) product, and the average of differences between them is 1.13 TECU. Furthermore, the slant ionospheric corrections were employed as a reference to evaluate both RVIM and GIM. The mean RMS values are 1.48 and 2.23 TECU for the RVIM and GIM, respectively. Finally, we applied the RVIM into PPP-RTK. Results indicate that the PPP-RTK with RVIM constraints achieves improvements in horizontal errors, vertical errors, and convergence time by 43.45, 29.3, and 22.6% under the 68% confidence level, compared with the conventional PPP-AR. ER -