TABLE 1

EM Properties of Materials of Test Scene Objects Modeled in the Digital Twin (Source: Mitchell (2003))

Reflector MaterialElectric Conductivity, σ [S/m]Relative Permittivity, ϵr
AluminumEmbedded Image3.5×1070
Concrete1Embedded Image2 × 10–54.5
Gravel2Embedded Image10–54
Fiberglass-reinforced plasticEmbedded Image10–152.85

  • ↵1 Concrete is steel-reinforced in actual scene. Model assumes an isotropic material.

  • ↵2 Model assumes a smooth, specular reflector.