Summary of Basic Physical Features Required in Modeled EPB Plumes
| EPB Plume Feature Requirement | Reference in Literature |
|---|---|
| EPB plume structures start growing at the bottom of the ionospheric F-layer, at an altitude of approximately 150–170 km | e.g., Dungey (1956) |
| EPB plume structures typically start to grow shortly after the local sunset period, around 19:00–20:00 SLT | e.g., Woodman & LaHoz (1976) |
| EPB plume structures can grow past the altitude of the ionospheric F-peak, and the plume growth would then stagnate | e.g., Krall et al. (2010a) |
| The higher the F10.7 solar flux index is, the greater the apex height of the EPB plumes would typically be | e.g., Joshi et al. (2022) |
| EPB plume structures generally map north and south from the equatorial plane along geomagnetic field lines | e.g., Tsunoda (1980) |
| After initial growth and full development, EPB plumes tend to drift horizontally in the eastward direction | e.g., Abdu et al. (1985); Huang et al. (2010) |
| EPB plumes typically develop a westward tilt over time as a result of sheared drift velocity | e.g., Kil et al. (2009) |
| EPB plume structures start decaying after local midnight and disappear entirely by the sunrise period | e.g., Krall et al. (2010b) |