TABLE 1

Investigated mapping functions. In the table: ε - elevation angle, H - height of atmosphere, R - Earth radius, a, b, c - mapping function coefficients, h - station height, aht, bht, cht - mapping function coefficients for height, DOY - day of year, φ - latitude, λ - longitude and HEM - hemisphere

ModelMathematical FormCoef a,b,c
Sine1/sin εNo
GeometricalEmbedded ImageNo
B & EEmbedded ImageNo
NiellEmbedded ImageF(DOY, h, φ)
UNB3mF(DOY, h, φ)
GMFF(DOY,Hem,φ,λ)