𝑎±(𝜙 ± 𝜙′)	= 2cos2{[2𝑛𝜋𝑁± −(𝜙±𝜙′)]∕2}
𝐴(𝑠)	Spreading factor
𝐴𝑚	Spreading factor for the 𝑚𝑡ℎ diffracted field
𝛼	Wedge interior angle
𝑏	Clearance distance in the knife-edge model
𝛽	Angle between building edge and diffracted ray
𝐶∕𝑁0	Carrier-to-noise ratio
𝐶∕𝑁0,𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑛	Carrier-to-noise ratio of the unobstructed signal from the open-sky model
𝐶∕𝑁0,𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛	Carrier-to-noise ratio of the diffracted signal from simulation
𝐷𝑘𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑒−𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒	Diffraction coefficient from the knife-edge model
𝐷∥	Diffraction coefficient on ∥ component
𝐷⊥	Diffraction coefficient on ⊥ component
𝐷1	Diffraction coefficient compensates for the discontinuity in the GO field when the o-face is shadowed
𝐷2	Diffraction coefficient compensates for the discontinuity in the GO field when the n-face is shadowed
𝐷3	Diffraction coefficient compensates for the reflection from the n-face
𝐷4	Diffraction coefficient compensates for the reflection from the o-face
𝐷𝑅𝑅	Diffraction coefficient between RHCP incident and diffracted fields
𝐷𝑅𝑅,𝑚	Diffraction coefficient for the 𝑚𝑡ℎ diffracted RHCP field in UTD
𝐷𝑈𝑇𝐷	UTD overall diffraction coefficient
𝐄(𝑠)	Electric field with a distance 𝑠 from the referenced field
𝐄𝑎𝑚𝑝(𝑠)	Electric field amplitude with a distance 𝑠 from the referenced field
	Incident electric field with RHCP
	Diffracted electric field with RHCP
	Incident electric field component parallel to the incidence plane
	Incident electric field component vertical to the incidence plane
	Diffracted electric field component parallel to the diffraction plane
	Diffracted electric field component vertical to the diffraction plane
	Pseudorange diffraction delay
𝜀𝜌	Pseudorange systematic error
𝜀𝑚𝑝	Pseudorange error modeled by the multipath noise envelope
𝐹(𝜐)	Fresnel integral
𝑗	Imaginary unit
𝑘	Wavenumber
𝐿	Distance parameter relates to the illumination type of electric field
𝑚	Number of diffracted fields in UTD
𝑛	= (2𝜋 − 𝛼)∕𝜋
𝑁±	Integer most nearly satisfying 2𝑛𝜋𝑁± −(𝜙±𝜙′) = ±𝜋
𝑁𝐹	Positive integer number
𝑃𝑖	Power of the incident field
𝑃𝑑	Power of the diffracted field
𝜌𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛	Diffracted pseudorange from simulation
𝑄	Diffraction point location
𝑟0	Distance between satellite and receiver
𝑟1	Distance between satellite and diffraction point
𝑟2	Distance between diffraction point and receiver
𝑟𝑎	Distance between satellite to a wavefront in Fresnel zones
𝑟𝑏	Distance between a secondary wavelet to receiver in Fresnel zones
𝛿𝑟	Extra distance between the diffracted and the unobstructed signal path
𝑅	Receiver location
𝑠	Distance between the target and the referenced field location
𝑇(𝑥)
	Unit vector of the ∥ component for the incident electric field
	Unit vector of the ⊥ component for the incident electric field
	Unit vector of the ∥ component for the diffracted electric field
	Unit vector of the ⊥ component for the diffracted electric field
ν
𝐱𝑆𝑉	Satellite position
𝐱𝑅	Receiver position
𝐱𝐵	Building corner positions in 3D building model
𝛾1,𝛾2	Principal radii of the wavefront curvature
𝜆	Wavelength
𝜙′	Angle from the o-face to the incidence plane
𝜙	Angle from the o-face to the diffraction plane
𝜎𝑈𝐸𝑅𝐸	Pseudorange user-equivalent-range-error
Ψ(𝑠)	Phase function with distance 𝑠
Ψ𝑚	Phase shift distance from the reference field for the 𝑚𝑡ℎ diffracted field
Ψ0	Phase shift distance between the unobstructed and the reference field
Γ	= |D𝑘𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑒−𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒,𝑈𝑇𝐷|2