TABLE 2

Comparisons of the Proposed MLE Baseband Processing and the Traditional Tracking Loop for a Single Satellite Signal

Characteristics	Proposed MLE baseband processing	The traditional EPL tracking loop
Sub-channels for a single satellite	5	3
Correlating points of one channel over one coherent processing interval	N_FN_S	N_FN_S
Number of the digital PMF-FrFT implementation	7	0
Complexity	5O(N_FN_S) + 7O (N_Slog₂N_S)	3O(N_FN_S)

Note: The complexity was assumed to be 1 when implementing a one-point correlation process; the complexities associated with the optimizing and loop filtering processes were ignored; O(·) represents the upper bound of its argument within a constant factor.